Category

Term	Abbreviation	Category	Description	Usage & Notes
Cover Drive	—	Batting Shots	Classical front-foot stroke played through the cover region with the bat presented full face.
Straight Drive	—	Batting Shots	Vertical-bat drive struck straight past the bowler down the ground with minimal across movement.
On Drive	—	Batting Shots	Front-foot drive eased through mid-on or straight mid-wicket on the leg side.
Off Drive	—	Batting Shots	Controlled drive on the off side threading the gap between extra-cover and mid-off.
Square Cut	—	Batting Shots	Back-foot cut struck square on the off side, usually to point or backward point.
Late Cut	—	Batting Shots	Delayed cut shot gliding the ball late past slip toward third man.
Pull Shot	—	Batting Shots	Horizontal-bat pull to the leg side against a short-pitched ball, usually toward mid-wicket.
Hook Shot	—	Batting Shots	Aggressive pull to a bouncer that sends the ball high toward fine leg or deep square.
Sweep Shot	—	Batting Shots	Kneeling cross-batted sweep along the leg side to a spinning or full delivery.
Reverse Sweep	—	Batting Shots	Cross-batted sweep played with reversed grip to send the ball into the off-side behind square.
Paddle Sweep	—	Batting Shots	Fine sweep using soft wrists to deflect the ball past short fine leg.
Switch Hit	—	Batting Shots	Shot where the batter switches stance to the opposite hand before impact to target the vacant side.
Slog	—	Batting Shots	Heaved, cross-batted strike swinging across the line in search of maximum power.
Lofted Drive	—	Batting Shots	Airborne drive that lifts the ball over the infield toward long-off or long-on.
Forward Defence	—	Batting Shots	Forward press with a dead bat to smother a good-length ball and keep it near the feet.
Back Foot Defence	—	Batting Shots	Backward step and vertical bat to block rising deliveries and drop them defensively.
Leg Glance	—	Batting Shots	Deflection off the pads that uses the ball's pace to guide it toward fine leg.
Upper Cut	—	Batting Shots	Late cut taken above shoulder height that steers a short ball over slip cordon.
Ramp Shot	—	Batting Shots	Flicked deflection that lets the ball ride up the bat face and ramp over the keeper.
Helicopter Shot	—	Batting Shots	Wristy power hit finishing with a helicopter follow-through to whip yorkers into the leg side.
Soft Hands	—	Batting Shots	Technique of cushioning the ball into the turf so edges carry softly to the cordon.
Strike Farming	—	Batting Shots	Manipulating singles and strike rotation so the stronger batter faces most deliveries, especially with tailenders.
Yorker	—	Bowling Variations	Full-length delivery targeting the base of the stumps or batter's toes to deny elevation.
Bouncer	—	Bowling Variations	Short-pitched ball that rises toward the batter's chest or head to push them back.
Inswinger	—	Bowling Variations	Swinging delivery that curves late into a right-hander's pads from outside off.
Outswinger	—	Bowling Variations	Seam position and release that make the ball move away from a right-hander toward slip.
Reverse Swing	—	Bowling Variations	Late movement generated with an old ball that swings opposite to conventional direction.
Leg Break	—	Bowling Variations	Leg-spin delivery that turns sharply from leg stump toward off side for a right-hander.
Off Break	—	Bowling Variations	Off-spin ball that breaks from off stump back into a right-hander's pads.
Googly	—	Bowling Variations	Deceptive leg-spinner bowled with a googly grip so it spins the opposite way to a leg-break.
Doosra	—	Bowling Variations	Off-spinner's surprise ball that turns away from a right-hander despite the standard action.
Carrom Ball	—	Bowling Variations	Finger-flicked delivery released from the front of the hand so it skids or drifts unpredictably.
Top Spinner	—	Bowling Variations	Over-spun delivery that dips sharply and kicks higher after pitching.
Arm Ball	—	Bowling Variations	Quicker ball from an off-spinner that goes straight on with the arm and skids.
Flipper	—	Bowling Variations	Back-of-the-hand leg-spin variation squeezed to keep low after pitching.
Slider	—	Bowling Variations	Leg-spinner delivered with sidespin and seam angled to skid straight on.
Knuckle Ball	—	Bowling Variations	Pace bowler's slower delivery released off the fingertips with little seam to deceive pace.
Slower Ball	—	Bowling Variations	Any pace variation disguised to arrive slower than the batter expects.
Off Cutter	—	Bowling Variations	Seam cutter that rolls fingers across the ball so it grips and moves from off toward leg.
Leg Cutter	—	Bowling Variations	Seam variation that drifts from leg stump toward off after pitching.
Good Length	—	Bowling Variations	Length that lands between fuller and short, forcing indecision over front or back foot.
Full Toss	—	Bowling Variations	Delivery that reaches the batter without bouncing, often waist high or lower.
Slower Bouncer	—	Bowling Variations	Short ball rolled off the fingers to arrive slower yet still climb toward the batter.
Cross-Seam	—	Bowling Variations	Grip with fingers across the seam to encourage variable bounce and seam movement.
Seam Up	—	Bowling Variations	Seam held upright with fingers behind the ball so it swings or seams conventionally.
Silly Point	—	Fielding Positions	Extremely close catching station on the off side beside the striker's crease, usually helmeted for reflex chances.
First Slip	—	Fielding Positions	Primary slip fielder positioned next to the wicket-keeper to intercept edged drives.
Gully	—	Fielding Positions	Slip cordon fielder stationed between point and slips to catch squarer edges.
Point	—	Fielding Positions	Square off-side position on the cut line guarding hard square hits.
Cover	—	Fielding Positions	Off-side mid-distance station between point and mid-off patrolling the cover region.
Extra Cover	—	Fielding Positions	Deeper off-side sweeper stationed wider than cover to plug aerial drives.
Mid-Off	—	Fielding Positions	Straight off-side infielder guarding the bowler's follow-through channel.
Mid-On	—	Fielding Positions	Straight leg-side infielder mirroring mid-off to cut off on-drives.
Midwicket	—	Fielding Positions	Leg-side station between mid-on and square leg covering the staple pull region.
Square Leg	—	Fielding Positions	Leg-side fielder set square to the batter to intercept sweeps and pulls.
Fine Leg	—	Fielding Positions	Leg-side boundary fielder behind square covering glances and leg glides.
Third Man	—	Fielding Positions	Deep off-side boundary fielder behind the slips guarding late cuts and edges.
Long Off	—	Fielding Positions	Straight off-side boundary rider protecting lofted drives down the ground.
Long On	—	Fielding Positions	Straight leg-side boundary fielder mirroring long-off for on-side lofted hits.
Deep Cover	—	Fielding Positions	Sweeper patrolling the deep cover boundary to stop powerful square off-side shots.
Deep Midwicket	—	Fielding Positions	Boundary rider on the leg side between square leg and cow corner for big pulls.
Short Leg	—	Fielding Positions	Helmeted close-in leg-side catcher stationed a few paces from the batter's pad.
Leg Slip	—	Fielding Positions	Slip position on the leg side to take gloved deflections down the leg channel.
Cover Sweeper	—	Fielding Positions	Roaming outfielder on the cover boundary tasked with cutting off hard-hit drives.
Long Stop	—	Fielding Positions	Rare backstop placed behind the wicket-keeper to block wild takes or deflections.
Bowled	—	Dismissal Types	Batter is out when a legal delivery hits the stumps and removes a bail without any fielder touching it first.
Caught	—	Dismissal Types	Dismissal where a fielder legally catches the ball on the full after the bat or glove before it touches the ground.
Caught and Bowled	—	Dismissal Types	Special caught dismissal where the bowler completes the catch from their own delivery.
Leg Before Wicket	LBW	Dismissal Types	Leg before wicket applies when a legal ball that would hit the stumps is intercepted by the batter's body in line.
Run Out	—	Dismissal Types	Batter is run out if a fielder breaks the stumps with the ball while the striker or non-striker is short of the crease during a run.
Stumped	—	Dismissal Types	Wicket-keeper completes a run-out style dismissal when the batter overbalances out of the crease without attempting a run.
Hit Wicket	—	Dismissal Types	Batter is out if they dislodge the bails with bat, body, or equipment while the ball is in play and completing the stroke.
Obstructing the Field	—	Dismissal Types	Rare dismissal when a batter wilfully impedes a fielder's chance to take a catch or effect a run-out.
Hit the Ball Twice	—	Dismissal Types	Batter is out if they intentionally strike the ball twice other than to protect their wicket from a fair delivery.
Timed Out	—	Dismissal Types	Incoming batter must be ready within the prescribed time; failing to appear allows the fielding captain to appeal for timed out.
Retired Out	—	Dismissal Types	Batter who leaves the field for reasons other than injury and does not resume the innings is recorded as retired out.
Run Out at the Non-Striker	—	Dismissal Types	Run-out of the non-striker by the bowler breaking the stumps before releasing the ball when the runner backs up too far.
Strike Rotation	—	Tactical Concepts	Batting tactic focused on collecting ones and twos so both batters stay active and bowlers lose rhythm.	Vital on slow surfaces or during rebuilding phases when boundary risk is high.
Death Bowling	—	Tactical Concepts	Specialist plan for final overs using yorkers, slower balls, and wide lines to deny big hits.	Executed by designated finishers with stacked leg-side fields and fine-leg protection.
Left-Right Combination	—	Tactical Concepts	Batting tactic that keeps a left-hander and right-hander together to force line adjustments each ball.	Common during chases to disrupt fields and exploit powerplay gaps.
Bowling Dry-Up	—	Tactical Concepts	Fielding tactic aiming to deliver consecutive dot balls through tight lines and defensive fields.	Sets up wickets by building scoreboard pressure and forcing rash strokes.
Powerplay Surge	—	Tactical Concepts	Batting strategy maximizing scoring during mandatory fielding restrictions with calculated risks.	Involves pinch hitters, lofted drives, and targeting vacant outfield channels.
All-Rounder	—	Player Roles	Player contributing significantly with both bat and ball, providing squad balance.
Top-Order Batter	—	Player Roles	Specialist occupying positions one to three, tasked with negotiating new-ball conditions.
Middle-Order Batter	—	Player Roles	Batter positioned four to six, stabilizing innings and transitioning to acceleration.
Finisher	—	Player Roles	Explosive middle or lower-order batter trusted to close innings with rapid scoring.
Anchor	—	Player Roles	Batter tasked with batting deep, rotating strike, and allowing others to attack around them.
Strike Bowler	—	Player Roles	Lead bowler expected to take wickets with aggressive lines and swing or pace.
Death Bowler	—	Player Roles	Bowler specializing in final overs, mixing yorkers, slower balls, and wide lines.
Spinner	—	Player Roles	Bowler imparting revolutions to turn the ball sharply off the pitch.
Seamer	—	Player Roles	Bowler hitting the seam at pace to create movement off the pitch.
Wicketkeeper	WK	Player Roles	Specialist behind the stumps responsible for catches, stumpings, and on-field communication.
Captain	C	Player Roles	On-field leader who sets tactics, manages bowling changes, and represents the team.
Coach	—	Player Roles	Manager overseeing preparation, game plans, and player development.
Pinch Hitter	—	Player Roles	Batter promoted to exploit fielding restrictions with aggressive stroke play.
Wicketkeeper-Batter	—	Player Roles	Keeper who is also selected for batting strength, vital in limited-overs balance.
Strike Rate	SR	Analytics & Stats	Runs scored per 100 balls faced, measuring batting speed.
Batting Average	Ave	Analytics & Stats	Runs scored divided by times dismissed, indicating consistency.
Bowling Average	Ave	Analytics & Stats	Runs conceded per wicket taken, reflecting wicket-taking value.
Economy Rate	Econ	Analytics & Stats	Runs conceded per over bowled, measuring run containment.
Net Run Rate	NRR	Analytics & Stats	Team's average runs scored per over minus average runs conceded per over across a tournament.
Required Run Rate	RRR	Analytics & Stats	Runs needed per over for a chasing team to reach the target.
Dot Ball Percentage	—	Analytics & Stats	Percentage of deliveries that yield no runs, highlighting pressure exerted.
Partnership Runs	—	Analytics & Stats	Total runs added by a batting pair before a wicket falls.
Wagon Wheel	—	Analytics & Stats	Radial chart illustrating where a batter has scored runs across the field.
Test Cricket	—	Match Formats	Longest international format played over up to five days with two innings each.	Demands technical discipline, swing mastery, and patience over changing conditions.
First-Class	FC	Match Formats	Domestic long-form cricket of three or four days recognized with first-class status.	Serves as proving ground for Test selection and red-ball skill development.
One Day International	ODI	Match Formats	International limited-overs format of 50 overs per side played with a white ball.	Combines accumulation phases, powerplays, and death overs acceleration.
List A	—	Match Formats	Domestic limited-overs competitions of 40 to 60 overs granted List A status.	Mirrors ODI tempo, developing white-ball tactics and death-overs planning.
Twenty20	T20	Match Formats	Rapid format with 20 overs per side focusing on power hitting and match-ups.	Utilizes specialist finishers, mystery spinners, and data-driven field placements.
T10	T10	Match Formats	Franchise format with 10 overs per side producing condensed entertainment.	Rewards improvisation, boundary hitting, and flexible bowling changes.
The Hundred	—	Match Formats	English franchise competition with 100 balls per innings and tactical five-ball sets.	Introduces tactical time-outs, mixed gender branding, and simplified over counts.
Day-Night Test	—	Match Formats	Test match scheduled across afternoon and evening sessions using a pink ball.	Alters batting visibility at twilight and demands bowlers exploit evening conditions.
Franchise T20 League	—	Match Formats	Domestic T20 competitions featuring city-based franchises and international players.	Pioneers innovations in match-ups, analytics, and fan engagement experiences.
Powerplay	—	Rules & Penalties	Phase in limited-overs cricket with prescribed fielding restrictions inside the 30-yard circle.
No-Ball	—	Rules & Penalties	Illegal delivery by the bowler, awarding an extra run and a free delivery to the batting side.
Wide Ball	—	Rules & Penalties	Delivery judged too wide or high for the batter to reach, awarding an extra run.
Free Hit	—	Rules & Penalties	Delivery following a front-foot no-ball where the batter cannot be dismissed except run out.
Leg Bye	LB	Rules & Penalties	Runs scored when the ball hits the batter's body (not the bat) and a run is completed with umpire approval.
Byes	B	Rules & Penalties	Runs scored when the ball passes the batter without contact and the wicketkeeper fails to stop it.
Short Run	—	Rules & Penalties	Occurs when a batter turns for another run without making good their crease, reducing the total by one.
Dead Ball	—	Rules & Penalties	State when play is paused and no runs or dismissals can occur until the umpire calls play.
Umpire's Call	—	Rules & Penalties	DRS outcome that upholds the on-field decision when technology shows marginal contact.
Wide Signal	—	Umpire Signals	Both arms extended horizontally indicating a delivery judged too wide.
No-Ball Signal	—	Umpire Signals	Right arm extended horizontally with palm downward to indicate a no-ball.
Bye Signal	—	Umpire Signals	One arm raised straight above the head to indicate byes.
Leg Bye Signal	—	Umpire Signals	Raising a hand and tapping the raised knee to confirm leg byes.
Out Signal	—	Umpire Signals	Index finger raised vertically to declare a batter dismissed.
Four Signal	—	Umpire Signals	Umpire waves one arm back and forth at chest height to award four runs.
Six Signal	—	Umpire Signals	Both arms lifted straight above the head to confirm six runs.
Review Signal	—	Umpire Signals	Making a square gesture with both hands to request third-umpire review.
Sight Screen	—	Equipment	Large plain backdrop placed behind the bowler's arm to provide a clear sighting background for the batter.
Cricket Bat	—	Equipment	Willow blade with cane handle used by batters to strike and defend deliveries.
Cricket Ball	—	Equipment	Hard cork and string core encased in stitched leather halves forming the standard cricket ball.
Stumps	—	Equipment	Set of three vertical wooden posts forming the wicket that the bowler aims to hit.
Bails	—	Equipment	Two small wooden pieces balanced atop the stumps that must be dislodged to effect most dismissals.
Batting Pads	—	Equipment	Protective leg guards worn by batters to shield shins and knees from impact.
Batting Gloves	—	Equipment	Padded gloves with finger splits that cushion the hands while gripping the bat.
Helmet	—	Equipment	Head protector with hard shell and grill that shields batters and close fielders from high-speed impacts.
Abdominal Guard	—	Equipment	Molded cup worn inside the trousers to protect the groin area from direct strikes.
Thigh Guard	—	Equipment	Curved foam pad strapped around the upper leg to absorb blows on the front thigh.
Arm Guard	—	Equipment	Lightweight guard strapped to the forearm to shield against rising deliveries striking the arm.
Chest Guard	—	Equipment	Foam and plastic panel worn under the shirt to protect the rib cage and chest against short-pitched blows.
Wicketkeeping Gloves	—	Equipment	Specialized gloves with webbing and deep padding that help the keeper catch fast or erratic balls.
Wicketkeeping Pads	—	Equipment	Lighter, more flexible pads tailored for keepers to move freely while protecting shins behind the stumps.
Helmet Grill	—	Equipment	Detachable metal faceguard attached to helmets to shield the face without restricting vision.
Scoreboard	—	Equipment	Display structure showing runs, wickets, overs, and match information for players and spectators.
Practice Net	—	Equipment	Enclosed netted lane that allows players to train batting or bowling safely without retrieving the ball far.
Nightwatchman	—	Match Context	Lower-order batter sent near stumps to shield top-order players from difficult late conditions.	Common in Tests when light fades or the ball reverses sharply at day's end.
Follow-on	—	Match Context	Option for the team bowling first in longer formats to make opponents bat again after a large deficit.	Used to press for victory before time expires but balanced against bowler fatigue.
DLS Method	DLS	Match Context	Mathematical formula that adjusts targets in limited-overs games after weather interruptions.	Officials input overs remaining and wickets lost to compute a revised par score.
Declaration	—	Match Context	When a captain voluntarily ends a team's innings to pursue a result in multi-day cricket.	Strategic timing considers lead size, remaining time, pitch wear, and weather forecasts.
Innings Break	—	Match Context	Official interval between innings allowing teams to rest, strategize, and switch roles.	In limited-overs cricket often lasts 10 minutes; in Tests includes lunch and tea intervals.
Drinks Break	—	Match Context	Short scheduled pause during sessions for hydration and tactical conversations.	Occurs midway through limited-overs innings and once per session in Tests under hot conditions.
Batting Collapse	—	Match Context	Rapid fall of multiple wickets causing a team's innings to unravel.	Often triggered by swing spells, spin bursts, or scoreboard pressure in chases.
Partnership	—	Match Context	Runs added by two batters together between dismissals, reflecting control of the innings.	Measured by commentators to highlight rebuilding phases or decisive stands.